---
title: "kubectl 介绍"
content_type: concept
weight: 1
---
<!--
title: "Introduction to kubectl"
content_type: concept
weight: 1
-->

<!--
kubectl is a command-line tool for interacting with Kubernetes clusters, using the Kubernetes API.
Use it to deploy applications, inspect resources, and manage workloads.

While this Book is focused on using kubectl to declaratively manage applications in Kubernetes, it
also covers other kubectl functions.
-->
kubectl 是一个命令行工具，用于使用 Kubernetes API 与 Kubernetes 集群进行交互。
你可以使用它来部署应用程序、检查资源和管理工作负载。

本文主要介绍如何使用 kubectl 在 Kubernetes 中声明式管理应用，本文还涵盖了一些其他的 kubectl 功能。

<!--
## Command Families

Most kubectl commands typically fall into one of a few categories:
-->
## 命令分类   {#command-families}

大多数 kubectl 命令通常可以分为以下几类：

<!--
| Type                                   | Used For                   | Description                                        |
|----------------------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
| Declarative Resource Management        | Deployment and operations (e.g. GitOps)   | Declaratively manage Kubernetes workloads using resource configuration     |
| Imperative Resource Management         | Development Only           | Run commands to manage Kubernetes workloads using Command Line arguments and flags |
| Printing Workload State | Debugging  | Print information about workloads |
| Interacting with Containers | Debugging  | Exec, attach, cp, logs |
| Cluster Management | Cluster operations | Drain and cordon Nodes |
-->
| 类型 | 用途 | 描述 |
|-----|------|------|
| 声明式资源管理 | 部署和运维（如 GitOps）| 使用资源管理声明式管理 Kubernetes 工作负载 |
| 命令式资源管理 | 仅限开发环境 | 使用命令行参数和标志来管理 Kubernetes 工作负载 |
| 打印工作负载状态 | 调试 | 打印有关工作负载的信息 |
| 与容器交互 | 调试 | 执行、挂接、复制、日志 |
| 集群管理 | 集群运维 | 排空和封锁节点 |

<!--
## Declarative Application Management

The preferred approach for managing resources is through
declarative files called resource configuration used with the kubectl *Apply* command.
This command reads a local (or remote) file structure and modifies cluster state to
reflect the declared intent.
-->
## 声明式应用管理   {#declarative-application-management}

管理资源的首选方法是配合 kubectl **Apply** 命令一起使用名为资源的声明式文件。
此命令读取本地（或远程）文件结构，并修改集群状态以反映声明的意图。

{{< alert color="success" title="Apply" >}}
<!--
Apply is the preferred mechanism for managing resources in a Kubernetes cluster.
-->
Apply 是在 Kubernetes 集群中管理资源的首选机制。
{{< /alert >}}

<!--
## Printing State about Workloads

Users will need to view workload state.

- Printing summarize state and information about resources
- Printing complete state and information about resources
- Printing specific fields from resources
- Query resources matching labels
-->
## 打印工作负载状态   {#printing-state-about-workloads}

用户需要查看工作负载状态。

- 打印关于资源的摘要状态和信息
- 打印关于资源的完整状态和信息
- 打印资源的特定字段
- 查询与标签匹配的资源

<!--
## Debugging Workloads

kubectl supports debugging by providing commands for:

- Printing Container logs
- Printing cluster events
- Exec or attaching to a Container
- Copying files from Containers in the cluster to a user's filesystem
-->
## 调试工作负载   {#debugging-workloads}

kubectl 支持通过提供以下命令进行调试：

- 打印 Container 日志
- 打印集群事件
- 执行或挂接到 Container
- 将集群中 Container 中的文件复制到用户的文件系统

<!--
## Cluster Management

On occasion, users may need to perform operations to the Nodes of cluster. kubectl supports
commands to drain workloads from a Node so that it can be decommissioned or debugged.
-->
## 集群管理   {#cluster-management}

有时用户可能需要对集群的节点执行操作。
kubectl 支持使用命令将工作负载从节点中排空，以便节点可以被停用或调试。

<!--
## Porcelain

Users may find using resource configuration overly verbose for *development* and prefer to work with
the cluster *imperatively* with a shell-like workflow. kubectl offers porcelain commands for
generating and modifying resources.

- Generating + creating resources such as Deployments, StatefulSets, Services, ConfigMaps, etc.
- Setting fields on resources
- Editing (live) resources in a text editor
-->
## Porcelain

用户可能会发现使用资源管理进行 **开发** 过于繁琐，
他们更喜欢使用类似于 Shell 的工作流以 **命令式** 与集群交互。
kubectl 提供了用于生成和修改资源的 Porcelain 命令。

- 生成和创建 Deployment、StatefulSet、Service、ConfigMap 等这类资源
- 设置资源的字段
- 在文本编辑器中（实时）编辑资源

<!--
{{< alert color="warning" title="Porcelain For Dev Only" >}}
Porcelain commands are time saving for experimenting with workloads in a dev cluster, but shouldn't
be used for production.
{{< /alert >}}
-->
{{< alert color="warning" title="Porcelain 仅限开发使用" >}}
Porcelain 命令可以节省在开发集群中进行工作负载实验的时间，但不应当用于生产环境。
{{< /alert >}}